ARCHIVE June2025
How Leaderless Protests Work: Horizontal Movements and Collective Decision-Making
In recent years, protests across the globe have embraced leaderless, horizontal structures that defy conventional ideas of hierarchy and centralized authority. From Occupy Wall Street to Extinction Rebellion, the Umbrella Movement in […]
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The Yellow Revolution (1986)
Ferdinand Marcos ruled the Philippines for 20 years under martial law.
Earth Day (1970)
Earth Day was first held in the United States in 1970. They called for a healthier and more sustainable environment.
Protest Against Military Action in Iraq (2003)
On February 15, 2003, millions of people marched in more than 600 cities around the world against U.S.
Political flash mob
It should be noted that “breakthrough” actions are often confused with political flash mobs. This is an erroneous view.
“Breakthrough” action
A “breakthrough” action is a short-term (instantaneous) theatrical political action, aimed at attracting public and media attention to a socially significant problem
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How Leaderless Protests Work: Horizontal Movements and Collective Decision-Making
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